CHOLESTEROL 1

The role of chylomicrons and Lipoprotein lipase in cholesterol metabolism The fats that we eat are dissolved by bile salts (think soap for the GI tract) and form chylomicrons. These chylomicrons are absorbed across the small intestine, into the lymphatic system, and later enter the blood stream through the thoracic duct. Once in the blood stream, chylomicrons are processed by an enzyme found in the wall of the blood vessels, and on the cell membranes of fat and muscle cells called lipoprotein lipase. Lipoprotein lipase removes some of the triglycerides from a chylomicron to form a chylomicron remnant. The liver absorbs these chylomicron remnants and processes them into VLDL particles and empty HDL particles. VLDL cholesterol particles are converted into LDL by lipoprotein lipase or a protein called CETP. CETP can also directly convert chylomicrons into LDL and vice versa. The empty HDL particles take cholesterol and lipids from the tissues to become mature HDL particles. While LDL and VLDL lead to arterial disease, HDL is digested harmlessly. This removal of fat and cholesterol from tissues for degradation by the liver is one of the reasons that HDL is also known as good cholesterol. HDL particles carry cholesterol in a healthy direction, so to speak. http://www.cholesterolcholestrol.com/what-causes-high-cholesterol.html

List of top 100 common foods with the highest cholesterol content. Rank Cholesterol food sources Cholesterol content (mg/ 100 g edible food portion) 1 Beef, variety meats and by-products, brain, cooked, simmered 3100.00 2 Veal, variety meats and by-products, brain, cooked, braised 3100.00 3 Beef, variety meats and by-products, brain, raw 3010.00 4 Pork, fresh, variety meats and by-products, brain, cooked, braised 2552.00 5 Lamb, variety meats and by-products, brain, cooked, pan-fried 2504.00 6 Egg, yolk, dried 2335.00 7 Pork, fresh, variety meats and by-products, brain, raw 2195.00 8 Veal, variety meats and by-products, brain, cooked, pan-fried 2120.00 9 Lamb, variety meats and by-products, brain, cooked, braised 2043.00 10 Egg, whole, dried, stabilized, glucose reduced 2017.00 11 Beef, variety meats and by-products, brain, cooked, pan-fried 1995.00 12 Egg, whole, dried 1715.00 13 Veal, variety meats and by-products, brain, raw 1590.00 14 Lamb, variety meats and by-products, brain, raw 1352.00 15 Egg, yolk, raw, fresh 1234.00 16 Egg, yolk, raw, frozen 1075.00 17 Egg, yolk, raw, frozen, sugared 959.00 18 Egg, yolk, raw, frozen, salted 955.00 19 Egg, turkey, whole, fresh, raw 933.00 20 Egg, duck, whole, fresh, raw 884.00 Rank Cholesterol food sources Cholesterol content (mg/ 100 g edible food portion) 21 Egg, goose, whole, fresh, raw 852.00 22 Egg, quail, whole, fresh, raw 844.00 23 Veal, variety meats and by-products, kidneys, cooked, braised 791.00 24 Fish oil, herring 766.00 25 Beef, variety meats and by-products, kidneys, cooked, simmered 716.00 26 Fish oil, sardine 710.00 27 Fish, caviar, black and red, granular 588.00 28 Egg substitute, powder 572.00 29 Fish oil, cod liver 570.00 30 Lamb, variety meats and by-products, kidneys, cooked, braised 565.00 31 Chicken, liver, all classes, cooked, pan-fried 564.00 32 Chicken, liver, all classes, cooked, simmered 563.00 33 Fish oil, menhaden 521.00 34 Duck, domesticated, liver, raw 515.00 35 Goose, liver, raw 515.00 36 Veal, variety meats and by-products, liver, cooked, braised 511.00 37 Pork, fresh, variety meats and by-products, spleen, cooked, braised 504.00 38 Lamb, variety meats and by-products, liver, cooked, braised 501.00 39 Fish oil, menhaden, fully hydrogenated 500.00 40 Lamb, variety meats and by-products, liver, cooked, pan-fried 493.00 41 Fish oil, salmon 485.00 42 Veal, variety meats and by-products, liver, cooked, pan-fried 485.00 43 Pork, fresh, variety meats and by-products, kidneys, cooked, braised 480.00 44 Fish, roe, mixed species, cooked, dry heat 479.00 45 Egg, whole, cooked, fried 457.00 46 Veal, variety meats and by-products, spleen, cooked, braised 447.00 47 Chicken, broilers or fryers, giblets, cooked, fried 446.00 48 Chicken, broilers or fryers, giblets, cooked, simmered 442.00 49 Fish, whitefish, eggs (Alaska Native) 439.00 50 Chicken, capons, giblets, cooked, simmered 434.00 51 Egg, whole, raw, frozen 432.00 52 McDONALD'S, Scrambled Eggs 427.00 53 Fast foods, egg, scrambled 426.00 54 Egg, whole, cooked, hard-boiled 424.00 55 Egg, whole, raw, fresh 423.00 56 Egg, whole, cooked, poached 422.00 57 Beef, variety meats and by-products, kidneys, raw 411.00 58 Lamb, variety meats and by-products, pancreas, cooked, braised 400.00 59 Beef, variety meats and by-products, liver, cooked, braised 396.00 60 Pate, chicken liver, canned 391.00 Rank Cholesterol food sources Cholesterol content (mg/ 100 g edible food portion) 61 Moose, liver, braised (Alaska Native) 389.00 62 Turkey, liver, all classes, cooked, simmered 388.00 63 Pork, fresh, variety meats and by-products, lungs, cooked, braised 387.00 64 Lamb, variety meats and by-products, spleen, cooked, braised 385.00 65 Beef, variety meats and by-products, liver, cooked, pan-fried 381.00 66 Fish, roe, mixed species, raw 374.00 67 Lamb, variety meats and by-products, liver, raw 371.00 68 Chicken, gizzard, all classes, cooked, simmered 370.00 69 Veal, variety meats and by-products, kidneys, raw 364.00 70 Pork, fresh, variety meats and by-products, spleen, raw 363.00 71 Chicken, roasting, giblets, cooked, simmered 357.00 72 Egg, whole, cooked, omelet 356.00 73 Chicken, stewing, giblets, cooked, simmered 355.00 74 Pork, fresh, variety meats and by-products, liver, cooked, braised 355.00 75 Egg, whole, cooked, scrambled 352.00 76 Veal, variety meats and by-products, thymus, cooked, braised 350.00 77 Beef, variety meats and by-products, spleen, cooked, braised 347.00 78 Chicken, liver, all classes, raw 345.00 79 Veal, variety meats and by-products, spleen, raw 340.00 80 Lamb, variety meats and by-products, kidneys, raw 337.00 81 Veal, variety meats and by-products, liver, raw 334.00 82 Turkey, liver, all classes, raw 331.00 83 Pork, fresh, variety meats and by-products, lungs, raw 320.00 84 Pork, fresh, variety meats and by-products, kidneys, raw 319.00 85 Pork, fresh, variety meats and by-products, stomach, cooked, simmered 316.00 Rank Cholesterol food sources Cholesterol content (mg/ 100 g edible food portion) 86 Pork, fresh, variety meats and by-products, pancreas, cooked, braised 315.00 87 Pork, fresh, variety meats and by-products, liver, raw 301.00 88 Beef, variety meats and by-products, thymus, cooked, braised 294.00 89 Chicken, capons, giblets, raw 292.00 90 Turkey, all classes, giblets, cooked, simmered, some giblet fat 289.00 91 Lamb, variety meats and by-products, lungs, cooked, braised 284.00 92 Turkey, all classes, giblets, raw 282.00 93 Pork, fresh, variety meats and by-products, chitterlings, cooked, simmered 277.00 94 Beef, variety meats and by-products, lungs, cooked, braised 277.00 95 Beef, variety meats and by-products, liver, raw 275.00 96 Fish, whitefish, dried (Alaska Native) 266.00 97 Beef, variety meats and by-products, spleen, raw 263.00 98 Veal, variety meats and by-products, lungs, cooked, braised 263.00 99 Chicken, broilers or fryers, giblets, raw 262.00 100 Beef, variety meats and by-products, pancreas, cooked, braised 262.00 Cholesterol in foods related articles: Foods that help lower cholesterol: Phytosterol content in food To avoid high cholesterol in food: Cholesterol free foods Fat content of foods related articles: List of foods high in saturated and total fat List of foods high in omega 3 fatty acids (unsaturated fat) Sources: High cholesterol foods list source: USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 20 (2007). Fielding CJ, Havel RJ, Todd KM, Yeo KE, Schloetter MC, Weinberg V, Frost PH. 1995. Effects of dietary cholesterol and fat saturation on plasma lipoproteins in an ethnically diverse population of healthy young men. J Clin Invest 95:611–618. Ros E. 2000. Intestinal absorption of triglyceride and cholesterol. Dietary and pharmacological inhibition to reduce cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis 151:357–379. http://www.dietaryfiberfood.com/cholesterol-high-avoid/Page-1.php